config.mdpi

config.en

Everyone

Jean SOULAT

Lollipop

DDB
 (Digital Dictionary of Buddhism) and 
CJKV-E
 (Classical Chinese) are collaborative works edited by Charles Muller. DDB Access gives access to DDB and CJKV-E from your Android device.

DDB Access is a free application. Any user may access the dictionary by entering "guest" as the username with no password. This will allow a total of 20 searches (instead of 10 previously) in each of the DDB and CJKV-E dictionaries in a 24-hour period.

Contributors can get free unlimited access by submitting a 350+ word entry as specified at http://www.buddhism-dict.net/contribute.html

DDB and CJKV-E are primarily resources for scholars. Contributors are required to have completed a graduate degree to at least the equivalent of the M.A. level in graduate school program at a fully accredited university, where one has received direct formal training in the reading of classical East Asian Buddhist texts.

Michael Beddow developed and steadfastly maintained the DDB/CJKV-E servers for about two decades. Paul Hackett has now taken this responsibility.

PARSE AND LOOKUP
A full text can be copied with immediate access to unknown words. Lookup shows meaning, related words and character details with multiple cross-links. Users can customize shown/hidden items to keep presentation simple and clear.

This "web" of words and characters easily accessible from the initial context strongly helps memorizing.

Besides recognizing the correspondence between simplified and traditional variants, SmartHanzi also recognizes multiple traditional variants. For instance, searching/parsing 真 will show both 真 and 眞, according to what is present in the selected dictionary. Or it will recognize equally well 為/爲 or 眾/衆.

SEARCH DICTIONARIES
Search by Chinese, meaning or pinyin.

For pinyin, the tone must be specified for single characters. It needs not (and must not) be specified for words. For example: da4, xue2, daxue, xuesheng are valid searches (no result for da4xue2 or xue2sheng1).

READINGS
User chooses to show pronunciations in Chinese, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese.

MY WORDS
Words can be flagged with red (not known), yellow (review) or green (known), from various lists or lookup pages. "My words" will show the full list of unknown (or review or known) words.

CHARACTER SERIES
Character lists can be shown per Kangxi radical, phonetic series (Wieger) or etymology (Kanji Networks, Wieger).

ETYMOLOGY
SmartHanzi shows the etymology of Chinese characters from:
- The Etymological Dictionary of Han/Chinese Characters by Lawrence J. Howell and Hikaru Morimoto (English, 6000+ characters, former "Kanji Networks").
- 177 etymological lessons from Dr. L. Wieger, S.J. "Caractères chinois" (French, still to be completed).

These two sources do not have the same approach. Wieger's book was first published in 1899 (French) and 1915 (English). It is based on the "Shuowen jiezi" (說文解字) published around 120 CE, a classical reference in China. It does not include the 20th and 21st century discoveries and therefore is technically wrong in many respects. However, based on the Shuowen Jiezi, it reflects the Chinese tradition and culture. It is what many Chinese know about their writing.

There is definitely a need for research about the real origin and development of Chinese characters. Howell and others like Axel Schuessler contribute to this research.

For most students, whether the etymology is real or just traditional does not matter. The point is to tet some guidance and reference points: 
Se non è vero, è ben trovato
. Consciously or not, Chinese children learn a lot of etymology at school and at home.

From this perspective, etymology is not only for scholars or experts. Getting familiar with basic components and their explanation will effectively help students at all levels, both for remembering known characters and take up unknown ones.

TABLETS
Landscape view is best for tablets.

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